Mechanical preparation of root canals: shaping goals, techniques and mean
History of root canal preparation. Endodontic Beutelrock-bur in a handpiece with a flexible angle. Goals of mechanical root canal preparation. Summary of currently available systems for engine-driven systems for root canal. Microbiological challenges.
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The revision of negative treatment outcomes is a part of current endodontic practice. Endodontically treated teeth with implants. Apical periodontitis. Endodontic alternatives: choosing non-surgical or surgical retreatment. Bacterial considerations.
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