What is philosophy?

Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind. The directions of development: the western and eastern. Prominent representatives and their teachings.

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  • The establishment of the determinants of the understanding of crime on the basis of fundamental changes in understanding of the essence of a man in ancient, medieval, Renaissance, modern and postmodern philosophy. Crime, retribution in Plato’s theology.

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  • Study of the motivation of Polish influences on the development of Ukrainian philosophy. Polish and Ukrainian philosophers, authors of translations of philosophical works from Polish into Ukrainian as the main guides of Polish philosophical influences.

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  • A critical study of Midwest Studies in Philosophy. The unfortunate legacies of positivism. Blackburn discusses four "intellectual practices". Understanding and truth conditions. Dretske offers a theory of intentionality for those propositional accjcudes.

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  • The relationship of Jonas Zaborsky to philosophy, religion and to everyday ethical-social issues, his relationship to philosophy and the connection between philosophy and religion. Analysis of moral improvement as a prerequisite of national emancipation.

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  • The overview concludes with deliberations on perspectives of the field in Russia, where a significant corpus of studies of engineering has been accumulated - yet, philosophy of engineering is not institutionalized, and remains an exotic label.

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  • An analysis of research into the potential applications of linguistic philosophy, particularly the philosophy of natural language, to elucidate certain aspects of cosmology. The fundamental principles of Strawson's descriptive metaphysics as a guide.

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  • Study of socio-political activity and philosophical development of Empedocles in the context of the problems of the state and law. Empedocles as a supporter of Propythagorean sentiments. An overview of his anti-tyrannical views, ideas of theocratic rule.

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  • Williamson acknowledges that "Armchair thinking is far from a "pure" method" and goes on to make some observations. He defends armchair philosophy as a variety of armchair science, like mathematics, or computer modeling in evolutionary theory, economics.

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  • Consideration of the problem of the meaning of life and voluntary human choice in philosophy. Study of the traditions of medieval scholasticism and German classical metaphysics. Evaluation of the results of B. Libet's experimental research on free will.

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  • Advances in empirical research on consciousness and in the field of artificial intelligence technologies. An analysis of the internal dynamics of theories and ontologies, which makes it possible to clarify the relationship between philosophy and science.

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  • Analysis of the context, essence and philosophical consequences of Rosenzweig's rethinking of the prohibition of idolatry. The contact of tradition with modernity as a factor determining radical changes in the philosophy of modernizing societies.

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  • Williamson defends armchair philosophy by likening it to armchair science - they have the same of results and use such a priori methods as model building and analyses. If a priori methods are accepted within science, then they acceptable in philosophy.

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  • The practice of philosophy in everyday life to improve its quality, to make effective decisions, to establish fruitful communication and to find a peaceful way out of conflicts. The study of philosophizing from the standpoint of its significance.

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  • Dictionary for teachers, students and interested readers. Encyclopedic character of the book. Correct definitions and descriptions of the philosophical terms. Schools of ancient, medieval and modern philosophy. Works of ancient and contemporary thinkers.

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  • Principles of systematization of categories of philosophy. Categories of philosophy as the general forms of being and the cognitive-worldview of man to the world. Аpproaches and stages of building a system of philosophical interpretation of categories.

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  • Exaltation of the human mind and its abilities, coupled with the struggle for its independence and self-government, including from God. Assay of Wolf's formulation of the basic principles of his ethical system in the "German Ethics", published in 1720.

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  • Analysis of the philosophical thought of Grigory Skovoroda, the study of his metaphysics, position on good and evil. Consideration of the vision of the representative of the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada, T. Zakydalskyi, regarding the thinker's philosophy.

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  • Determining the influence of the ideas of the philosophy of social reconstructionism on the discourse on the abolition of national examinations in Indonesia. The study of scientific works related to the philosophy of scientific reconstructionism.

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  • Identification of the dimensions of human existence on the basis of discourse ethics and communicative philosophy. The significance of moral and ethical norms in the structure of being. The necessity of their observance by man in the realities of war.

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  • The role of non-academic noninstitutional forms of communication such as coteries, theoretical schools, literary salons in the history of philosophy. Analyzes of the involvement of prominent philosophers into the non-formal philosophical communication.

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  • Historical and comparative methods became fundamental ones for the research. Originated in the ancient world and gradually spreads in the Christian Middle Ages, gained a powerful impetus in the philosophical and legal metamorphoses of the 17th century.

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  • Consideration of the widespread in philosophy of the XXI centuries. the idea that an exponential growth in the rate of progress turns into a technological singularity. Mechanisms of inhibition of the acceleration of the development of infocommunications.

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