The Double Standard: Livonian Chronicles and Muscovite Barbarity during the Livonian War (1558-1582)
This article analyzes the image of Ivan IV (Terrible) and Muscovites in the chronicles written by Livonian Germans during the Livonian War. Warfare between Livonians and Muscovites was a contest between civilization and barbarism, between good and evil.
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??????, добавлен 21.10.2021?????????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ????. ???????, ?? ???????????? ??????? ???. "?????????? ???????" ???? ???????? XIII 1582 ????. ?????????? ?????????? ????. ????????? ???????? ????????? ????. ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????.
???????????, добавлен 01.12.2020- 55. ????????? ?????
????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ?????? 1558 ?. ??????????? ???? ??????????. ??????? ???????? ?????????. ???????? ?? ?????????? ????. ?????????? ????????? ? 1559 ?. ?? ???????? ???????. ????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????.
???????, добавлен 03.11.2014 The purpose of the research is to reconstruct the Red Army soldier’s and the Soviet administration employee’s image in the western Ukrainian regions, in period 1944 - 1945, recorded in the reporting documents of the Ukrainian nationalist underground.
??????, добавлен 28.05.2023????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? "???????? ???????" ? 1550-1580-? ??. ? ??????????, ??????? ? ?????? ??????. ???????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ? ????????? ??????. ????????? ?????????? ????????? ? 1580-1582 ??.
??????, добавлен 25.07.2021?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?. ??????????-???????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ? ??????????. ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ? ???? ???????????.
??????, добавлен 16.10.2024??? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????, ?? ? XVI ??. ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????. ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????. ?????????????? ?? ??????? ?????????????? ?????.
??????, добавлен 09.05.2020??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ???-????????? ? ???????? ???????????. ????????????? ?????????? ? ????????????? ???????. ????????? ????? 1558–1583 ??. ????????? - ????????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????.
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????, добавлен 18.09.2012??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????. ?????? ????????? ????? IV ??????????? ????????. ????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????????. ???????? ??????? ????????????? ??????, ?????????? ? ????????????? ??????. ????????? ????? 1558-1583 ?????.
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???????? ??????, добавлен 16.05.2016??????? ??????????, ??????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ? 1513 ????. ???????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????. ?????? ? ?????????? ??????? ????????? II. ??????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ? ??????. ????????? ????? 1558 ????.
???????, добавлен 28.11.2010- 67. ????????? ?????
???????, ????? ? ????? ????????? ????? (1558-1583). ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?VI ????. ???????????? ????????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ??????????? ????. ?????????? ????????? ?????????.
???????? ??????, добавлен 08.01.2013 ???????????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? IV (????????) - ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ? ?????????????? ???????????? ????? ? ??????? ??????, ?????????? ? 1533-1584 ??. ????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ????????? ????? 1558-1583 ????.
??????????? ??????, добавлен 23.12.2012?????????????? ?????? ? ?????? ????????? ?????. ???????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????. ???????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ? ??????, ???????, ??????? ? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????.
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?????? ? ?????? ????????? ?????, ??????????????? ? 1558 ?. ????????? ?????? ? ????????. ?????????? ? ??????? ?????????-????????????? ????????. ?????????????? ????????????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????, ???????? ??????? ???????????????-??????????? ????????.
??????, добавлен 03.05.2021 ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ???-?????????, ????????? ? ???????? ????????????. ????????????? ?????????? ???????, ????????????? ??????? 1554-1556 ??. ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????. ???????? ??????. ????? ????????? ????? 1558–1583 ??.
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