Microsurgical instruments for root-end cavity preparation following apicoectomy
The advantages of ultrasonic or sonic root-end preparation compared to conventional bur preparation: a deeper root-end preparation, alignment in the original path of the root canal, a reduced risk of lingual perforation. A debridement of gutta-percha.
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General characteristics and milestones for bone access, curettage, biopsy and root isolation. The concept and principles of periradicular surgery, the methods and techniques. Removal of bone and root tip. Assessment of the results of the operation.
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